Tuesday, April 28, 2009

Berkshire’s 31% Decline Spurred by Derivatives Buffett Derided

(Bloomberg) -- Berkshire Hathaway Inc. shareholders have a chance this year to do something that’s rare among the Sage of Omaha’s followers: count their losses.

Despite Berkshire’s reputation as a bear market bulwark, its stock has been walloped. The Class A shares are down 31 percent since September, to $90,000 as of yesterday, exceeding the 26 percent drop in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index.

One reason: Chief Executive Officer Warren Buffett’s increasing use of derivatives -- contracts whose value is based on the performance of stocks or bonds or the outcome of a specific event. That Buffett once called derivatives “time bombs” doesn’t calm investors.

Berkshire held contracts with a combined notional value of $67.3 billion at year-end. While this figure is used mostly for reporting purposes and isn’t indicative of potential losses, it dwarfs the company’s $25.5 billion in cash.

Buffett himself has warned of an increasing possibility he might have a loss from one type of contract on Berkshire’s books. Fitch Ratings and Moody’s Investors Service have lowered their credit ratings on Berkshire, partly because of the derivatives.

“People have become uncomfortable with financial investments that they don’t understand, especially anything related to derivatives,” says Charles Bobrinskoy, a manager at Ariel Investments LLC in Chicago.

Equity Index Puts

Berkshire’s derivatives fall into four categories. Because they carry the greatest notional value, at $37.1 billion, most attention is on put options that Buffett sold on stock indexes in the U.S., U.K., euro zone and Japan that expire from September 2019 to January 2028. Berkshire has to pay at expiration if any of the indexes are lower than they were when the puts were written.

While analysis of these bets shows big losses are unlikely, Buffett, 78, hasn’t provided sufficient information on the derivatives to keep some investors from hitting the sell button. Bobrinskoy says he hasn’t been scared away: Of the $250 million he co-manages at Ariel, 5.6 percent was invested in Berkshire as of March 31.

To lose the full $37.1 billion on the equity puts, the indexes would have to fall to zero -- an unlikely event. Berkshire received $4.9 billion in premiums, which together with what the company earns on it, may offset any eventual payments.

Market Scenarios

Citigroup Inc. analyst Joshua Shanker in a March 16 report examined several scenarios to gauge the likelihood of Buffett’s losing money on the puts. Using the S&P 500 as a proxy for all the indexes and assuming a 5 percent annualized return on the premium, the market would have to suffer a cumulative decline of at least 32 percent across the 15- to 20-year life of the contracts for the seller to lose money. In the U.S. market back to 1800, the only way to do that would be to start the bet just prior to the 1929 crash.

Some economists compare today with the Great Depression, and some of the puts may have been written near the U.S. market’s all-time high in late 2007, according to information Buffett has disclosed. The S&P 500 in March was down 57 percent from its peak.

With that in mind, Shanker looked at scenarios that begin with a 50 percent drop in the S&P 500. From that nadir, if the index rose 6 percent annualized over 14 years, Buffett still would not owe any money when the puts expire -- even without consideration of the $4.9 billion in premiums.

Read more here

Monday, April 27, 2009

Anchors 'away'

(MarketWatch) -- As the Federal Open Market Committee gathers this week to discuss monetary policy and the economy, it will have to include in its discussions an exit strategy for draining some of the gobs of liquidity it has pumped into the economy, since inflation expectations can no longer be said to be "well anchored."
I say this because of several recent developments.

Last week, the government's sale of new five-year Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) was a smashing success. The yield on these notes fell to 1.278%, much lower than the 1.375% rate on their when-issued counterpart just before the auction.

The auction also produced an unusually high bid-to-cover ratio of 2.66, indicating extremely strong demand for a security that yields much less than its plain vanilla counterpart.

At the turn of the year, the spread between the 10-year version of these two instruments was zero. The markets were more focused on the falling economy and the threat of deflation than anything else, so they bought the regular Treasury in such large quantities that its yield fell to the same level as the TIPS.

But the jump in the spread between the 10-year Treasury note yield and the yield on the 10-year TIPS since then is indicative of the markets' growing preference for a government security that provides inflation protection as well as some yield.
By favoring the TIPS over the regular note, the markets have pushed up its price, thus depressing its yield far below that of its non-indexed counterpart.

This sudden shift in the markets' thinking reflects a feeling that the fourth quarter represented the worst of the recession, and that things have begun to moderate since then.

It began to percolate slowly through the fixed-income markets early in the year and now appears to be the view of most economists.

Read more here

Thursday, April 23, 2009

Geithner: Global economy on the mend

(Reuters) -- The global economic downturn has shown signs of easing in recent weeks, although significant risks remain, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner wrote in the Financial Times on Friday.

The decline in world trade may be abating and conditions in some financial markets have improved, Geithner wrote in an opinion piece ahead of a meeting of G20 finance officials in Washington on Friday.

Read more here

Wednesday, April 22, 2009

MySpace co-founders stepping aside as growth slows

(MarketWatch) -- News Corp. said Wednesday that MySpace co-founders Chris DeWolfe and Tom Anderson are stepping aside, as the online social networking service they helped build into a phenomenon has begun to suffer in comparison to rival Facebook Inc.

DeWolfe is resigning his role as chief executive, while Anderson is shifting from president to an unspecified "new role," according to a company statement.
DeWolfe will continue serving on the board of MySpace China and as an advisor to the company, according to the statement.

Anderson, meanwhile, is in discussions with News Corp. Chief Digital Officer Jonathan Miller about "assuming a new role in the organization."
"Chris and Tom are true pioneers, and we greatly value the tremendous job they've done in growing MySpace into what it is today," Miller said in the statement.
MySpace is a dominant online social-networking service, built in its early days on a foundation of participating musicians and their fans.
News Corp acquired MySpace parent company Intermix Media for roughly $580 million in 2005.

Read more here

Monday, April 20, 2009

Stevens Says Australia, in Recession, Is Well Placed

(Bloomberg) -- Australia is well placed to rebound from its first recession since 1991 because the financial system is strong, government finances are sound and companies will benefit from a pickup in China, Reserve Bank Governor Glenn Stevens said.

“There remain good grounds to think that we will continue to weather the storm better than most,” Stevens said in a speech in Adelaide today. The job of policy makers is to “foster, rather than erode, confidence. Over the past six months, that has involved the rapid deployment of both fiscal and monetary measures, to support demand.”

The Reserve Bank of Australia has cut its benchmark interest rate by a record 4.25 percentage points since early September to a 49-year low of 3 percent and the government has pledged almost A$90 billion ($63 billion) in grants, spending and bond-market assistance to boost an economy that contracted in the fourth quarter for the first time since 2000.

“The effects of those measures will still be coming through for some time yet,” Stevens told company directors in his speech entitled “The Road to Recovery.”

The Australian dollar fell to 70.12 U.S. cents at 1:38 p.m. in Sydney from 70.19 cents just before the speech was released. The two-year government bond yield fell 1 basis point to 3.18 percent. A basis point is 0.01 percentage point.

Australian Recession

Policy makers cut borrowing costs two weeks ago because rising unemployment and weaker-than-expected domestic demand increases the likelihood inflation will slow, according to minutes of the bank’s April 7 meeting released today in Sydney.

“I think the reasonable person, looking at all the information available now, would come to the conclusion that the Australian economy, too, is in recession,” Stevens said.

Stevens’ comments echo those of Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, who for the first time yesterday said that a recession in Australia is inevitable amid a slump in global growth.

“The challenge for the government is to cushion the impact of the recession on business and jobs,” Rudd said.

Australia’s unemployment rate rose by the most in 18 years in March, climbing to 5.7 percent from 5.2 percent in February. The number of people employed dropped 34,700. Miners Rio Tinto Group, BHP Billiton Ltd. and Iluka Resources Ltd. are among companies firing workers as the global recession saps demand for raw materials.

Global Comparisons

“The Australian economy has been contracting, though on the best information we have, not at the pace seen in a number of other countries,” Stevens said. Consumer confidence is “much more resilient to date than comparable results in major countries,” he added.

Australia’s gross domestic product declined 0.5 percent in Australia from the previous three months, a report showed on March 4. By contrast, the U.S. and U.K. economies both shrank 1.6 percent. Japan contracted 3.2 percent.

In Australia, “public finances remain in very sound shape, with modest debt levels and a medium-term path for the budget back towards balance,” Stevens said. “Without the massive obligations arising from bank rescues that will inevitably narrow the options available to governments in other countries, the financial regulatory system is strong and tested.”

Treasurer Wayne Swan will release the annual budget on May 12 and has said it will be in deficit for the first time in seven years.

Read more here

Thursday, April 16, 2009

The Gold Mine Facebook Refuses To Explore

(alleyinsider.com) -- Razorfish VP Shiv Singh tells us ad agencies like his pay brand monitoring firms like Motive Quest, Visible Technologies and Nielsen Buzzmetrics anywhere from $5,000 to $40,000 a year for insight into what consumers are saying about their clients online.

Shiv says these agencies would happily pay Facebook twice as much for a rival service.

"I think Facebook is sitting on a gold mine," he says.

Already Facebook has a free service called Lexicon, which, according to the company, "aggregates and analyzes millions of Facebook Wall posts every day to provide a searchable database of trends over time."

But Shiv tells us he and his fellow marketers want a "Lexicon on Steroids."

Read more here

Cathay Pacific Cuts Capacity, Offers Unpaid Leave

(Bloomberg) -- Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd., Hong Kong’s largest carrier, will cut capacity and ask staff to take unpaid leave as it battles plunging travel demand.

The airline will reduce the planned passenger capacity at its main unit by 8 percent from May and by 13 percent at its Hong Kong Dragon Airlines Ltd. arm, it said today in a Hong Kong stock exchange statement. The unpaid leave will be on offer over the next 12 months, the airline added.

The company’s first-quarter sales from passenger and cargo flights tumbled 22 percent as it slashed fares and carried fewer travelers because of the global recession. Qantas Airways Ltd. said earlier this week that it will fire about 5 percent of its workforce and delay planes as demand weakens.

“This slowdown will be deeper and longer” than previous recessions, said Winson Fong, who helps manage $2 billion at SG Asset Management H.K. Ltd. in Hong Kong. “The bad news will continue to come.”

Cathay Pacific rose 1.2 percent to HK$9.69 at 10:39 a.m. in Hong Kong trading. The carrier has gained 11 percent this year, outperforming the benchmark Hang Seng Index’s 10 percent rise.

Staff Leave

The airline will cut its overall cargo capacity by 11 percent from May, it said. The company didn’t say how much unpaid leave it wanted staff to take in the statement. The leave isn’t mandatory, Carolyn Leung, a spokeswoman, said by phone.

Chief Executive Officer Tony Tyler joins Singapore Airlines Ltd. and Qantas in cutting costs after traffic for Asia-Pacific carriers sank almost 13 percent in February, the steepest decline since June, according to the International Air Transport Association.

Read more here

Wednesday, April 15, 2009

China’s GDP Grows at Slowest Pace in Almost a Decade

(Bloomberg) -- China’s gross domestic product, battered by collapsing exports, grew at the slowest pace in almost 10 years, probably marking the low point for the world’s third-biggest economy.

GDP expanded 6.1 percent in the first quarter from a year earlier, after a 6.8 percent gain in the previous three months, the statistics bureau said in Beijing today. The figure was below the 6.2 percent median estimate of 13 economists surveyed by Bloomberg News.

Growth in industrial production and investment accelerated, adding to evidence that Premier Wen Jiabao’s 4 trillion yuan ($585 billion) stimulus plan is working. The Shanghai Composite Index fell from an eight-month high amid speculation that Wen will have to do more to increase consumption and wean the economy from a dependence on exports.

“They’ve stabilized the economy and now the challenge is to think about how to support consumption and how to support private investment,” said Stephen Green, head of China research at Standard Chartered Plc in Shanghai. “We’re still looking for stimulus measures to encourage consumption.”

Today’s report follows with a statement from U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner that China isn’t a currency manipulator. His stance eases pressure on China to allow its currency to rise, which would hurt efforts to revive exports.

From July 1 to the end of last year, the yuan rose just 0.4 percent against the dollar. Its value has been little changed since the beginning of the year.

Domestic Demand

The currency traded at 6.8313 against the dollar as of 11:34 a.m. in Shanghai, unchanged from before the announcement. Shanghai’s benchmark stock index fell 0.1 percent, trimming its gain this year to 39 percent, the second-best performance among 88 indexes tracked by Bloomberg. It earlier rose as much as 0.5 percent.

“While we are facing difficulty in relying on external demand, we have to turn back to domestic demand, including consumer spending and investment to sustain growth,” said statistics bureau spokesman Li Xiaochao.

Industrial production expanded 8.3 percent in March from a year earlier, up from 3.8 percent in the first two months, and urban fixed-asset investment surged 30.3 percent, the statistics bureau said. Retail sales rose 14.7 percent in March.

Urban disposable incomes rose 11.2 percent excluding inflation and rural cash incomes climbed 8.6 percent.

Read more at Bloomberg

Goldman still cautious about economy

Fortune) -- If the worst is over for the financial sector, you'd never know it to listen to Goldman Sachs.

The New York-based investment firm posted a $1.8 billion first-quarter profit Monday evening, then capitalized on those gains by selling $5 billion in stock Tuesday morning.

The developments put Goldman (GS, Fortune 500) on track to become the first big bank to repay the funds it received from Treasury last fall in the Troubled Asset Relief Program.

Once regulators complete their stress test of Goldman and sign off on the repayment plan, the firm will again be free to manage its affairs as it pleases, without fears that details on its pay practices will provoke outrage in Congress.

Despite this, Goldman chief financial officer David Viniar was hardly celebratory on a conference call with analysts and investors Tuesday morning.

Viniar said Goldman remains cautious about the economy and suggested that the firm expects the prices of assets such as real estate to continue to fall.

While further declines may not hammer Goldman, given its reduced exposure to troubled asset classes like real estate and corporate buyout loans, they could weigh on the results of other banks in coming months. Regional banks in particular hold large amounts of commercial real estate on their books.

"There are headwinds still with values, asset values," Viniar said in response to one question Tuesday. "I think those headwinds are less for us because we don't have that many anymore ... but there are still headwinds and that makes us cautious."

Goldman shares, which have surged during the bank stock rally of the past month, dropped 5% Tuesday to about $123, in line with the price of the $5 billion offering.

The drop in Goldman's stock helped lead the KBW Bank index, which has nearly doubled off its multidecade low over the past month, lower in midday trading.

Shares of beaten down bank Citigroup (C, Fortune 500) were rising, however, while those of seemingly healthier firms such as JPMorgan Chase (JPM, Fortune 500) edged lower.

Chase and Citi are both scheduled to report their first-quarter results later this week. The stronger-than-expected earnings from Goldman and Wells Fargo last week have spurred hopes that Chase and Citi will post similarly strong results.

Barclays Capital analyst Jason Goldberg raised his earnings estimates for both banks Tuesday, saying he expects them to benefit from better capital markets results and strong mortgage revenue. He now expects Citi to post its first profit in six quarters.

Read more at Fortune

Tuesday, April 14, 2009

Yen Climbs to Two-Week High on Concern U.S. Recession Deepening

(Bloomberg) -- The yen advanced to a two-week high against the dollar before U.S. reports that may show industrial output and manufacturing contracted, adding to evidence the recession in the world’s largest economy is deepening.

Japan’s currency also climbed to the strongest in two weeks against the euro as Asian stocks fell, prompting investors to reduce holdings of higher-yielding assets. The euro may weaken for a second day versus the dollar on concern a German report today will show wholesale prices dropped for a fifth month, supporting the case for the European Central Bank to cut interest rates.

“Sooner rather than later pessimism will return to the market,” said Toru Umemoto, chief currency strategist in Tokyo at Barclays Capital, the world’s third-largest foreign-exchange trader. “The yen will be the beneficiary.”

The yen rose to 98.50 against the dollar at 12:20 p.m. in Tokyo from 98.98 in New York yesterday. It earlier reached 98.41, the strongest level since April 2. Japan’s currency gained to 130.48 per euro from 131.25, and advanced to 70.57 per Australian dollar from 71.63.

Read more at Bloomberg